US US20260227540A1
[0000] Methods, systems, and devices for communication, sensing, and imaging based on gradient resonance in surface electromagnetic waves are described. In some examples, a gradient of a dielectric permittivity of a medium may be obtained along a propagation path of surface electromagnetic waves. An effective potential may be determined based on the gradient and a second derivative of the dielectric permittivity. A resonance condition may be identified when the real part of the dielectric permittivity squared approaches zero. Surface electromagnetic waves may be generated in response to the identified resonance condition, and a gradient resonance in the surface electromagnetic waves may be detected. These techniques may enable enhanced communication, sensing, and imaging applications, including underwater communication, agricultural monitoring, and bio-imaging, by leveraging the resonance properties of surface electromagnetic waves.
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